Cutis. 2009 Apr; 83(4): 198-204Chen AY, Zirwas MJSteroid-induced rosacealike dermatitis (SIRD) is an eruption composed of papules, pustules, papulovesicles, and sometimes nodules with telangiectatic vessels on a diffuse erythematous and edematous background. It results from prolonged topical steroid use or as a rebound phenomenon after discontinuation of topical steroid. There are 3 types of SIRD that are classified based on the location of the eruption: perioral, centrofacial, and diffuse. Diagnosis of this disease entity relies on a thorough patient history and physical examination. Treatment involves discontinuation of the offending topical steroid and administration of oral and/or topical antibiotics. Topical calcineurin antagonists should be considered as alternative or adjunctive therapies for patients who do not respond to traditional treatments. Dermatologists may need to provide psychological support during office visits for patients who have difficulty dealing with the discontinuation of topical steroid and/or the psychological impact of a flare. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, histopathology, and differential diagnosis of the entity also are reviewed.
To estimate the prevalence of dry eye and to investigate its relationship with lifestyle and systemic factors in a general adult population in north-western Spain. METHODS: A dry eye questionnaire was administered and objective tests were performed in 654 individuals [mean age (Standard deviation): 63.6 (14.4) years, range: 40-96, 37.2% males]. Subjects were considered symptomatic when one or more of the symptoms of the questionnaire were present often or all the time. Schirmer test or= 3 and fluorescein staining >or= 1 were considered indicative of signs. Dry eye was defined as the simultaneous presence of symptoms and at least one sign. A design based analysis was performed and all calculations were weighted to give unbiased estimates. RESULTS: Dry eye prevalence was 11.0% (95%confidence interval [CI] 8.6-13.3). Dry eye was found to be more frequent in women (11.9%, 95%CI 8.8-15.1) than in men (9.0%, 95%CI 5.3-12.6), and was significantly associated with aging (p autoimmune diseas...